Research Articles (* Indicates article that includes student(s) in the VAL)

Beran, T., Violato, C., & Kline, D. (in press). What do students consider useful about student ratings? Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education.

Beran, T. Violato, C. & Kline, D. (2007). What’s the “use” of student ratings of instruction for administrators? One university’s experience. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 37 (1), 27-42.

Kline, D.W., & Li, W. (2005). Cataracts and the aging driver. Ageing International . 30(2), 105-122. *

Beran, T. Violato, C. Kline, D., & Frideres, J. (2005). The utility of student ratings of instruction for students, faculty, and administrators: A “consequential validity” study. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 35 (2), 49-70.

Gagnon, R. & Kline, D.W. (2003). Senescent effects on binocular summation for contrast sensitivity and spatial interval acuity. Current Eye Research, 27(5), 315-321. *

Culham, J.C., & Kline, D.W. (2002). The age deficit on photopic counterphase flicker: contrast, spatial frequency and luminance effects. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56, 177-186. *

Bartel. P. & Kline, D.W. (2002). Aging effects on the identification of digitally blurred text, scenes and faces: Evidence for optical compensation on everyday tasks in the senescent eye. Ageing International, 27, 56-72. *

Scialfa, C., Kline, D.W., & Wood, P.K. (2002). Structural modeling of contrast sensitivity in adulthood. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 19, 158-165.

Kline, D.W., Culham, J.C., Bartel, P. & Lynk, L. (2001). Aging effects on vernier acuity: A function of oscillation rate but not target contrast. Optometry and Vision Science, 78, 676-682.*

Hiller, N.J. & Kline, D.W. (2001). Diminished spatial summation contributes to the age deficit in the discrimination of low-contrast vernier oscillation. Optometry and Vision Science, 78, 616-622. *

Kline, D.W., Buck, K.,Sell, Y., Bolan, T., & Dewar, R.E. (1999). Older observers' tolerance of optical blur: Age differences in the identification of defocused text signs. Human Factors, 41(3), 356-364. *

Swanson, H.A., Kline, D.W., & Dewar, R.E. (1997). Guidelines for traffic sign symbols. Institute for Transportation Engineering Journal, 67, 30-35.

Dewar, R.E., Kline, D.W., & Swanson, H.A. (1995). Age differences in the comprehension of traffic sign symbols. Transportation Research Record, 1456, 1-10.

Schieber, F. Kline, D.W., Dewar, R.E. (1994). Optimizing symbol highway signs for older drivers. Proceedings of the 12th Triennial Conference of the International Ergonomics Association, 6, 199-201.

Kline, D. (1994). Optimizing the visibility of displays for older operators. Experimental Aging Research, 20, 11-23.

Schieber, F. & Kline, D.W. (1994). Age differences in the legibility of symbol highway signs as a function of luminance and glare level: A preliminary report. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society, 133-136. (Reprinted in W.A. Rogers, (Ed.) Designing for an Aging Population, pp. 301-304, Santa Monica, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.)

Slawinski, E. Hartel, D.M., & Kline, D.W. (1993). Self-reported hearing problems in daily life throughout adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 8(4), 552-561.

Kline, D.W., & Fuchs, P. (1993). The visibility of symbolic highway signs can be increased among drivers of all ages. Human Factors, 35(1), 25-34. *

Schieber, F., Kline, D.W., Kline, T.J.B., & Fozard, J.L. (1992). The relationship between contrast sensitivity and the visual problems of older drivers. SAE Technical Paper Series, No. 920613, 1-7.

Kline, D.W., Babbitt. T.J., Fozard, J., Kosnik, W., Schieber, F., & Sekuler, R. (1992). Vision, aging and driving: The problems of older drivers. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, 27-34. [Abstracted in Optometry: Current Literature in Perspective, October, 1992]

Kline, D. (1991). Visual aging and the visibility of highway signs. Experimental Aging Research, 17(2), 80-81.

Kline, T.J.B. & Kline, D.W. (1991). The association between education, experience, and performance on two knowledge of aging and elderly questionnaires. Educational Gerontology, 17, 355-361.

Kline, T.J.B., & Kline, D.W. (1991). Identification of response bias by use of randomization tests on two knowledge of aging questionnaires. Journal of Gerontology and Geriatric Education, 11, 67-75.

Kosnik, W., Sekuler, R., & Kline, D. (1990). Self-reported visual problems of older drivers. Human Factors, 32, 597-608.

Kline, T. J., Ghali, L. M., Kline, D. W., & Brown, S. (1990). Visibility distance of highway signs among young, middle-aged and elderly observers: Icons are better than text. Human Factors, 32(5), 609-619. *

Kline, D. W., Scialfa, C. T., Lyman, B. J., & Schieber, F. (1990). Age differences in the temporal continuity of gratings as a function of their spatial frequency. Experimental Aging Research, 16, 61-65.*

Kline, D.W., Scialfa, C.T., Stier, D.L., & Babbitt, T.J. (1990). Effects of bias and educational experience on two knowledge of aging questionnaires. Educational Gerontology, 16, 63-76. *

Books, Chapters, Reports, & Monographs

Scialfa, C. & Kline, D.W. (2007). Vision. In J.E. Birren (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Gerontology: Age, Aging and the Aged (2nd ed., pp. 653-660). San Diego: Elsevier.

Kline, D.W. (2006). Vision: System, function and loss. In Encyclopedia of Aging (4th Ed., pp. 1212-1215). New York: Springer.

Kline, D.W., & Dewar, R.E. (2004). The aging eye and transport signs. In T. Horberry and C. Castro (Eds.), The Human Factors of Transport Signs (pp. 116-132.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Kline. D.W. (2003). Aging effects on vision: impairment, variability, self-report and compensatory change. In K.W. Schaie & N. Charness, (Eds.), Impact ofTechnology on Successful Aging, (pp. 85-99). New York: Springer.

Kline, D.W., Caird, J., Ho, G. & Dewar, R.E. (2002). Analytical study to assess the visual deficits of aging drivers and the legibility of on-board intelligent transportation (ITS) displays. Report to Transport Canada. 128 pp.

Kline, D.W., & L. Wenger (2000). A.E.D. Schonfield. In J.E. Birren and J.J.F. Schroots (Eds.) The History of Geropsychology in Autobiography, (pp. 27-54). American Psychological Association: Washington, D.C.

Kline, D.W., & Scialfa, C.T. (1997). Sensory and perceptual functioning: Basic research and human factors implications. In A.D. Fisk and W.A. Rogers (Eds.) Handbook of Human Factors and the Older Adult (pp. 327-328). San Diego: Academic Press.

**Kline, D. (April, 1997) Getting a new perspective on aging and night driving. Horizons.**

Kline, D.W., & Scialfa, C.T. (1996). Visual and auditory aging. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie, (Eds.). Handbook of the Psychology of Aging (Fourth Ed., pp. 181-203). San Diego: Academic Press.

Scialfa, C.T., & Kline, D.W. (1996). Vision. In J.E. Birren (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Gerontology: Age, Aging and the Aged (pp. 605-612). San Diego: Academic Press.

Kline, D. W. (1995). Visual requirements of the aging driver. In W. Adrian (Ed.), Lighting for Aging Vision and Health (pp.103-112). New York: Lighting Research Institute.

Dewar, R.E., Kline, D.W., Schieber, F. & Swanson, A. (1994). Symbol Signing Design for Older Drivers. Final Report. Publication No. FHWA-RD-94-069, Washington, D.C.: Federal Highway Administration.

Kline, D.W. (1991). Light, ageing and visual performance. In J. Marshall (Ed.), The Susceptible Visual Apparatus (pp.150-161), Volume 16 in J.R. Cronly-Dillon (Gen. Ed.) Vision and Visual Dysfunction. London: Macmillan Press.

**Kline, D.W. (1991). Aging and the Visibility of Highway Signs: A New Look through Old Eyes. Washington, D.C.: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. 53 pp.**

Kline, D.W. (1991). Visual aging and the visibility of highway signs. In D.C. Park & A.D. Smith (Eds.) Research in the Psychology of Aging: Addressing the Needs of an Aging Society (p. EP-3 ) Washington, D.C.: Division of Adult Development and Aging, American Psychological Association.

Technical Reports and Monographs

Kline, D., Jung, G., Shorten, J., & Smiley, A. (2007). The Effects Of Auxiliary Strobe Lighting On Day And Night Locomotive Conspicuity. Report to Transportation Development Centre. Ottawa: Transport Canada, 94 pp.

Kline, D.W. Shorten, J.A. & Jung, G.H. (2006). Far Acuity Effects on Military Pilot Runway Hazard Detection and Identification. In “Far and Near Acuity Standards for Canadian Forces Aircrew” by J.K. Kumagai, D.W. Kline, J.L.Tryan, J.A. Shorten & G.H. Jung, Report to the Department of National Defence for Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC). PWGSC Contract No. W7711-047921/001/TOR, 99 pp.

Kline, D.W., Shorten, J.A., Jung, G.H., & Smiley, A. (2006). Conspicuity Of Grade Crossing Flashing Lights As A Function Of Backboard And Environmental Surround Colour. Transportation Development Centre, Transport Canada, 37 pp.

Kumagai, J.K., Sheri Williams, S. & Kline, D. (2005). Vision Standards for Aircrew: Visual Acuity for Pilots. Report to Department of National Defence as represented by Defence Research and Development Canada. PWGSC Contract No. W7711-047921/001/TOR, 74 pp.

Smiley, A., Kline, D. W., Caird, J., Davis,D., & Smahel, T. (2005). Driver Behaviour at Railway Crossings: Literature Review. Report for the Transportation Development Centre, Transport Canada, 67 pp.

D. Kline, Caird, J.K., Ho, G. & Dewar, R.E. (2002). Analytic study to assess the visual deficits of aging drivers and the legibility of on-board intelligent transport system (its) displays. Report to Transport Canada, 1-128.

Kline, D., Dewar, R. & Hooey, B. (1995). Evaluation and optimization of in-vehicle displays for drivers of different ages. Report to Federal Highway Administration (PR # 42-30-4113). Washington, D.C.: Federal Highway Administration

Dewar, R.E., Kline, D.W., Schieber, F. & Swanson, A. (1994). Symbol Signing Design for Older Drivers. Final Report. Publication No. FHWA-RD-94-069, Washington, D.C.: Federal Highway Administration.

Kline, D.W. (1991). Aging and the Visibility of Highway Signs: A New Look through Old Eyes. Washington, D.C.: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. 53 pp.

Tests & Instruments

Bourdage, J. & Kline, D.W. (2008). Multiple-Choice Test Bank and Key for Psychology Instruction Project (PIP) Web-based Psychology 369 (Sensation & Perception). Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary, Department of Psychology.

Li, W., & Kline, D.W. (2005). Vision and Driving Questionnaire: VAD-I (Pre-Op). Calgary: University of Calgary, Department of Psychology.

Li, W., & Kline, D.W. (2005). Vision and Driving Questionnaire: VAD-II (Post-Op). Calgary: University of Calgary, Department of Psychology.

Weiss, E. & Kline, D.W. (1997). Cataractous Lens Extraction and Replacement Survey (CLEARS). Calgary: The University of Calgary, Department of Psychology.

Lyons, R., & Kline, D.W. (1997). Refractive Eye Surgery Treatment Outcome Report - Pre-Surgical Version (RESTORE I). Calgary: The University of Calgary, Department of Psychology.

Lyons, R., & Kline, D.W. (1997). Refractive Eye Surgery Treatment Outcome Report - Post-Surgical Version (RESTORE II). Calgary: The University of Calgary, Department of Psychology.

VAL Information VAL Home Page Lab Facilities PACE Home Page	VAL Director Donald Kline, Ph.D. University of Southern California	Research in the Vision & Aging Lab (VAL) The research and research training activities of the VAL are directed to: 1.) Discover the neural and optical mechanisms that underlie age-related visual change. 2.) Understand and ameliorate the impact of visual aging on performance of real-world visual tasks (e.g., driving, reading). 3.) Determine the relationships between health, visual function, eye surgery and quality of life. Publications and presentations representative of recent work in these areas are listed below.


	PUBLICATIONS 1990 to Present Research Articles (* Indicates article that includes student(s) in the VAL) *Beran, T., Violato, C., & Kline, D. (in press). What do students consider useful about student ratings? Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education.* Beran, T. Violato, C. & Kline, D. (2007). What’s the “use” of student ratings of instruction for administrators? One university’s experience. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 37 (1), 27-42. Kline, D.W., & Li, W. (2005). Cataracts and the aging driver. Ageing International . 30(2), 105-122. * Beran, T. Violato, C. Kline, D., & Frideres, J. (2005). The utility of student ratings of instruction for students, faculty, and administrators: A “consequential validity” study. The Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 35 (2), 49-70. Gagnon, R. & Kline, D.W. (2003). Senescent effects on binocular summation for contrast sensitivity and spatial interval acuity. Current Eye Research, 27(5), 315-321. * Culham, J.C., & Kline, D.W. (2002). The age deficit on photopic counterphase flicker: contrast, spatial frequency and luminance effects. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56, 177-186. * Bartel. P. & Kline, D.W. (2002). Aging effects on the identification of digitally blurred text, scenes and faces: Evidence for optical compensation on everyday tasks in the senescent eye. Ageing International, 27, 56-72. * Scialfa, C., Kline, D.W., & Wood, P.K. (2002). Structural modeling of contrast sensitivity in adulthood. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 19, 158-165. Kline, D.W., Culham, J.C., Bartel, P. & Lynk, L. (2001). Aging effects on vernier acuity: A function of oscillation rate but not target contrast. Optometry and Vision Science, 78, 676-682.* Hiller, N.J. & Kline, D.W. (2001). Diminished spatial summation contributes to the age deficit in the discrimination of low-contrast vernier oscillation. Optometry and Vision Science, 78, 616-622. * Kline, D.W., Buck, K.,Sell, Y., Bolan, T., & Dewar, R.E. (1999). Older observers' tolerance of optical blur: Age differences in the identification of defocused text signs. Human Factors, 41(3), 356-364. * Swanson, H.A., Kline, D.W., & Dewar, R.E. (1997). Guidelines for traffic sign symbols. Institute for Transportation Engineering Journal, 67, 30-35. Dewar, R.E., Kline, D.W., & Swanson, H.A. (1995). Age differences in the comprehension of traffic sign symbols. Transportation Research Record, 1456, 1-10. Schieber, F. Kline, D.W., Dewar, R.E. (1994). Optimizing symbol highway signs for older drivers. Proceedings of the 12th Triennial Conference of the International Ergonomics Association, 6, 199-201. Kline, D. (1994). Optimizing the visibility of displays for older operators. Experimental Aging Research, 20, 11-23. Schieber, F. & Kline, D.W. (1994). Age differences in the legibility of symbol highway signs as a function of luminance and glare level: A preliminary report. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society, 133-136. (Reprinted in W.A. Rogers, (Ed.) Designing for an Aging Population, pp. 301-304, Santa Monica, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.) Slawinski, E. Hartel, D.M., & Kline, D.W. (1993). Self-reported hearing problems in daily life throughout adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 8(4), 552-561. Kline, D.W., & Fuchs, P. (1993). The visibility of symbolic highway signs can be increased among drivers of all ages. Human Factors, 35(1), 25-34. * Schieber, F., Kline, D.W., Kline, T.J.B., & Fozard, J.L. (1992). The relationship between contrast sensitivity and the visual problems of older drivers. SAE Technical Paper Series, No. 920613, 1-7. Kline, D.W., Babbitt. T.J., Fozard, J., Kosnik, W., Schieber, F., & Sekuler, R. (1992). Vision, aging and driving: The problems of older drivers. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, 27-34. [Abstracted in Optometry: Current Literature in Perspective, October, 1992] Kline, D. (1991). Visual aging and the visibility of highway signs. Experimental Aging Research, 17(2), 80-81. Kline, T.J.B. & Kline, D.W. (1991). The association between education, experience, and performance on two knowledge of aging and elderly questionnaires. Educational Gerontology, 17, 355-361. Kline, T.J.B., & Kline, D.W. (1991). Identification of response bias by use of randomization tests on two knowledge of aging questionnaires. Journal of Gerontology and Geriatric Education, 11, 67-75. Kosnik, W., Sekuler, R., & Kline, D. (1990). Self-reported visual problems of older drivers. Human Factors, 32, 597-608. Kline, T. J., Ghali, L. M., Kline, D. W., & Brown, S. (1990). Visibility distance of highway signs among young, middle-aged and elderly observers: Icons are better than text. Human Factors, 32(5), 609-619. * Kline, D. W., Scialfa, C. T., Lyman, B. J., & Schieber, F. (1990). Age differences in the temporal continuity of gratings as a function of their spatial frequency. Experimental Aging Research, 16, 61-65.* Kline, D.W., Scialfa, C.T., Stier, D.L., & Babbitt, T.J. (1990). Effects of bias and educational experience on two knowledge of aging questionnaires. Educational Gerontology, 16, 63-76. * Books, Chapters, Reports, & Monographs *Scialfa, C. & Kline, D.W. (2007). Vision. In J.E. Birren (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Gerontology: Age, Aging and the Aged (2nd ed., pp. 653-660). San Diego: Elsevier.* *Kline, D.W. (2006). Vision: System, function and loss. In Encyclopedia of Aging* (4th Ed., pp. 1212-1215). New York: Springer. Kline, D.W., & Dewar, R.E. (2004). The aging eye and transport signs. In T. Horberry and C. Castro (Eds.), The Human Factors of Transport Signs (pp. 116-132.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.** Kline. D.W. (2003). Aging effects on vision: impairment, variability, self-report and compensatory change. In K.W. Schaie & N. Charness, (Eds.), Impact ofTechnology on Successful Aging, (pp. 85-99). New York: Springer. Kline, D.W., Caird, J., Ho, G. & Dewar, R.E. (2002). Analytical study to assess the visual deficits of aging drivers and the legibility of on-board intelligent transportation (ITS) displays. Report to Transport Canada. 128 pp. Kline, D.W., & L. Wenger (2000). A.E.D. Schonfield. In J.E. Birren and J.J.F. Schroots (Eds.) The History of Geropsychology in Autobiography, (pp. 27-54). American Psychological Association: Washington, D.C. Kline, D.W., & Scialfa, C.T. (1997). Sensory and perceptual functioning: Basic research and human factors implications. In A.D. Fisk and W.A. Rogers (Eds.) Handbook of Human Factors and the Older Adult (pp. 327-328). San Diego: Academic Press. *Kline, D. (April, 1997) Getting a new perspective on aging and night driving. Horizons.* Kline, D.W., & Scialfa, C.T. (1996). Visual and auditory aging. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie, (Eds.). Handbook of the Psychology of Aging (Fourth Ed., pp. 181-203). San Diego: Academic Press. Scialfa, C.T., & Kline, D.W. (1996). Vision. In J.E. Birren (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Gerontology: Age, Aging and the Aged (pp. 605-612). San Diego: Academic Press. Kline, D. W. (1995). Visual requirements of the aging driver. In W. Adrian (Ed.), Lighting for Aging Vision and Health (pp.103-112). New York: Lighting Research Institute. Dewar, R.E., Kline, D.W., Schieber, F. & Swanson, A. (1994). Symbol Signing Design for Older Drivers. Final Report. Publication No. FHWA-RD-94-069, Washington, D.C.: Federal Highway Administration. Kline, D.W. (1991). Light, ageing and visual performance. In J. Marshall (Ed.), The Susceptible Visual Apparatus (pp.150-161), Volume 16 in J.R. Cronly-Dillon (Gen. Ed.) Vision and Visual Dysfunction. London: Macmillan Press. *Kline, D.W. (1991). Aging and the Visibility of Highway Signs: A New Look through Old Eyes. Washington, D.C.: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. 53 pp.* Kline, D.W. (1991). Visual aging and the visibility of highway signs. In D.C. Park & A.D. Smith (Eds.) Research in the Psychology of Aging: Addressing the Needs of an Aging Society (p. EP-3 ) Washington, D.C.: Division of Adult Development and Aging, American Psychological Association. Technical Reports and Monographs Kline, D., Jung, G., Shorten, J., & Smiley, A. (2007). The Effects Of Auxiliary Strobe Lighting On Day And Night Locomotive Conspicuity. Report to Transportation Development Centre. Ottawa: Transport Canada, 94 pp. Kline, D.W. Shorten, J.A. & Jung, G.H. (2006). Far Acuity Effects on Military Pilot Runway Hazard Detection and Identification. In “Far and Near Acuity Standards for Canadian Forces Aircrew” by J.K. Kumagai, D.W. Kline, J.L.Tryan, J.A. Shorten & G.H. Jung, Report to the Department of National Defence for Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC). PWGSC Contract No. W7711-047921/001/TOR, 99 pp. Kline, D.W., Shorten, J.A., Jung, G.H., & Smiley, A. (2006). Conspicuity Of Grade Crossing Flashing Lights As A Function Of Backboard And Environmental Surround Colour. Transportation Development Centre, Transport Canada, 37 pp. Kumagai, J.K., Sheri Williams, S. & Kline, D. (2005). Vision Standards for Aircrew: Visual Acuity for Pilots. Report to Department of National Defence as represented by Defence Research and Development Canada. PWGSC Contract No. W7711-047921/001/TOR, 74 pp. Smiley, A., Kline, D. W., Caird, J., Davis,D., & Smahel, T. (2005). Driver Behaviour at Railway Crossings: Literature Review. Report for the Transportation Development Centre, Transport Canada, 67 pp. D. Kline, Caird, J.K., Ho, G. & Dewar, R.E. (2002). Analytic study to assess the visual deficits of aging drivers and the legibility of on-board intelligent transport system (its) displays. Report to Transport Canada, 1-128. Kline, D., Dewar, R. & Hooey, B. (1995). Evaluation and optimization of in-vehicle displays for drivers of different ages. Report to Federal Highway Administration (PR # 42-30-4113). Washington, D.C.: Federal Highway Administration *Dewar, R.E., Kline, D.W., Schieber, F. & Swanson, A. (1994). Symbol Signing Design for Older Drivers. Final Report. Publication No. FHWA-RD-94-069, Washington, D.C.: Federal Highway Administration.* *Kline, D.W. (1991). Aging and the Visibility of Highway Signs: A New Look through Old Eyes.* Washington, D.C.: AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety. 53 pp. Tests & Instruments** Bourdage, J. & Kline, D.W. (2008). Multiple-Choice Test Bank and Key for Psychology Instruction Project (PIP) Web-based Psychology 369 (Sensation & Perception). Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary, Department of Psychology. *Li, W., & Kline, D.W. (2005). Vision and Driving Questionnaire: VAD-I (Pre-Op).* Calgary: University of Calgary, Department of Psychology. Li, W., & Kline, D.W. (2005). Vision and Driving Questionnaire: VAD-II (Post-Op). Calgary: University of Calgary, Department of Psychology.** Weiss, E. & Kline, D.W. (1997). Cataractous Lens Extraction and Replacement Survey (CLEARS). Calgary: The University of Calgary, Department of Psychology. Lyons, R., & Kline, D.W. (1997). Refractive Eye Surgery Treatment Outcome Report - Pre-Surgical Version (RESTORE I). Calgary: The University of Calgary, Department of Psychology. Lyons, R., & Kline, D.W. (1997). Refractive Eye Surgery Treatment Outcome Report - Post-Surgical Version (RESTORE II). Calgary: The University of Calgary, Department of Psychology.